{"id":7785,"date":"2020-07-09T12:50:04","date_gmt":"2020-07-09T10:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/rgn\/demantelement-fessenheim-etapes\/"},"modified":"2021-09-28T00:18:31","modified_gmt":"2021-09-27T22:18:31","slug":"demantelement-fessenheim-etapes","status":"publish","type":"article-rgn","link":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/rgn\/demantelement-fessenheim-etapes\/","title":{"rendered":"Le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement de Fessenheim en quatre \u00e9tapes"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","tag-rgn":[327,723,768],"rgn-category":[260],"rgn-report-category":[],"acf":{"content_teaser":"<p>Apr\u00e8s sa construction, les deux grandes \u00e9tapes d\u2019une installation nucl\u00e9aire de base (INB) sont les phases d\u2019exploitation et de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement[1]. La premi\u00e8re est encadr\u00e9e par un D\u00e9cret d\u2019Autorisation de Cr\u00e9ation (DAC) et la seconde est autoris\u00e9e par un d\u00e9cret de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement. Depuis l\u2019arr\u00eat d\u00e9finitif de sa production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, le 30 juin 2020, la centrale nucl\u00e9aire de Fessenheim (INB 75) est entr\u00e9e en phase de pr\u00e9paration de son d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement.<\/p>\n","rgn_article_report":false,"rgn_article_type":"public","sfen_chapo":"<p>Ga\u00efc Le Gros (SFEN) \u00a9 EDF- Didier Marc\/PWP<\/p>\n","sfen_image":{"ID":7263,"id":7263,"title":"176240","filename":"176240.jpg","filesize":392373,"url":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/rgn\/fermeture-2e-reacteur-fessenheim-ineptie-organisations-syndicales\/attachment\/attachment-176240\/","alt":"176240","author":"0","description":"","caption":"","name":"attachment-176240","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":7793,"date":"2020-06-17 07:41:59","modified":"2021-09-27 22:19:33","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1024,"height":682,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":100,"medium":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":682,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","1536x1536-width":1024,"1536x1536-height":682,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","2048x2048-width":1024,"2048x2048-height":682,"sfen-rgn-newsletter-featured":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","sfen-rgn-newsletter-featured-width":338,"sfen-rgn-newsletter-featured-height":225,"sfen-rgn-newsletter-ad":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","sfen-rgn-newsletter-ad-width":263,"sfen-rgn-newsletter-ad-height":175,"sfen-rgn-newsletter-article":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","sfen-rgn-newsletter-article-width":325,"sfen-rgn-newsletter-article-height":216,"sfen-rgn-newsletter-event":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240-325x240.jpg","sfen-rgn-newsletter-event-width":325,"sfen-rgn-newsletter-event-height":240,"sfen-rgn-newsletter-cover":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","sfen-rgn-newsletter-cover-width":93,"sfen-rgn-newsletter-cover-height":62,"large_size":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","large_size-width":1024,"large_size-height":682,"medium_size":"https:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/176240.jpg","medium_size-width":410,"medium_size-height":273}},"title_field":"Le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement de Fessenheim en quatre \u00e9tapes","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"text","text":"<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<div class=\"paragraph-contenu\">\n<p><strong>Apr\u00e8s sa construction, les deux grandes \u00e9tapes d\u2019une installation nucl\u00e9aire de base (INB) sont les phases d\u2019exploitation et de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement[1]. La premi\u00e8re est encadr\u00e9e par un D\u00e9cret d\u2019autorisation de cr\u00e9ation (DAC) et la seconde est autoris\u00e9e par un d\u00e9cret de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement. Depuis l\u2019arr\u00eat d\u00e9finitif de sa production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, le 30 juin 2020, la centrale nucl\u00e9aire de Fessenheim (INB 75) est entr\u00e9e en phase de pr\u00e9paration de son d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019INB 75 comprend des b\u00e2timents nucl\u00e9aires[2] dont ceux abritant les deux r\u00e9acteurs nucl\u00e9aires de 900 MW mis en service en 1977 et 1978, et divers b\u00e2timents conventionnels[3]. La dur\u00e9e pr\u00e9visionnelle de son d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement est de 15 ans \u00e0 partir de l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur du d\u00e9cret de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement.<\/p>\n<p>Celui-ci sera publi\u00e9 d\u00e8s la remise du dossier de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement et entrera en vigueur un an apr\u00e8s sa parution. Le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement devrait d\u00e9buter en 2025.<\/p>\n<h2>La pr\u00e9paration au d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement (Pr\u00e9DEM)<\/h2>\n<p>D\u2019ici l\u2019obtention et la mise en application du d\u00e9cret, les op\u00e9rations de pr\u00e9paration au d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement vont \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9es. Elles visent \u00e0 \u00ab&nbsp;r\u00e9duire les risques et inconv\u00e9nients pr\u00e9sents sur l\u2019installation&nbsp;\u00bb avec notamment l\u2019\u00e9vacuation des assemblages de combustibles vers le centre de retraitement de la Hague d\u00e8s cette ann\u00e9e afin qu\u2019il n\u2019y ait plus de combustible sur le site \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2023. C\u2019est aussi l\u2019\u00e9vacuation des d\u00e9chets, des effluents et la vidange des circuits. A ce stade 99,9 % de la radioactivit\u00e9 sera \u00e9vacu\u00e9e. Pendant ces op\u00e9ration EDF affinera \u00e9galement la connaissance de l\u2019installation&nbsp;: inventaires des mati\u00e8res dangereuses, rep\u00e9rage amiante, \u00e9tudes radiologiques, etc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"dnd-atom-wrapper type-image context-sdl_editor_representation\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"dnd-drop-wrapper\"><!-- scald=3865:sdl_editor_representation --><\/p>\n<div class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-2699\" alt=\"edf_plan_de_demantelement.png\" height=\"298\" src=\"http:\/\/www.sfen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/edf_plan_de_demantelement.png\" width=\"949\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\n<!-- END scald=3865 --><\/div>\n<div class=\"dnd-legend-wrapper\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"meta\"><!--copyright=3865-->\u00a9EDF \u2013 Plan de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement, ao\u00fbt 2019<\/div>\n<div class=\"meta\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Les 4 \u00e9tapes du d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement<\/h2>\n<p>De l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur du d\u00e9cret de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement au d\u00e9p\u00f4t du dossier de d\u00e9classement marquant la fin des op\u00e9rations, il y aura quatre \u00e9tapes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement \u00e9lectrom\u00e9canique<\/strong> consiste \u00e0 d\u00e9monter ou d\u00e9couper et conditionner en d\u00e9chets les \u00e9quipements m\u00e9caniques des b\u00e2timents nucl\u00e9aires notamment le b\u00e2timent r\u00e9acteur (BR) et le b\u00e2timent combustible (BK). Cela comprend notamment l\u2019\u00e9vacuation des g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs de vapeurs, le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement des boucles du circuit primaire principal, des internes de la cuve et de la cuve pour le b\u00e2timent r\u00e9acteur mais aussi des deux piscines des b\u00e2timents combustibles.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les travaux d\u2019assainissement<\/strong> des structures des b\u00e2timents nucl\u00e9aires consistent \u00e0 retirer la radioactivit\u00e9 susceptible d\u2019\u00eatre pr\u00e9sente \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des b\u00e2timents. A l\u2019issue de ces travaux \u00ab&nbsp;un dossier de d\u00e9classement sera transmis \u00e0 l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 de s\u00fbret\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire (ASN) pour approbation. Apr\u00e8s adoption par l\u2019ASN les \u00e9l\u00e9ments restants seront consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des d\u00e9chets conventionnels.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La d\u00e9molition<\/strong> des b\u00e2timents conventionnels peut commencer d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019ils ne sont plus utiles au d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement, pour les b\u00e2timents nucl\u00e9aires la d\u00e9molition sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9e apr\u00e8s leur d\u00e9classement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La r\u00e9habilitation<\/strong> consiste \u00e0 s\u2019assurer de la compatibilit\u00e9 des sols et du futur usage industriel du site, c\u2019est la derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape du d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement.<\/p>\n<h2>Strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement imm\u00e9diat<\/h2>\n<p>Depuis 2001, EDF a abandonn\u00e9 la strat\u00e9gie de \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement diff\u00e9r\u00e9&nbsp;\u00bb qui consiste \u00e0 maintenir la centrale ou le r\u00e9acteur dans un \u00e9tat s\u00fbr pendant plusieurs dizaines d\u2019ann\u00e9es afin de permettre la d\u00e9croissance naturelle de la radioactivit\u00e9. Le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement imm\u00e9diat permet de ne pas laisser le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures et de s\u2019appuyer sur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des \u00e9quipes d\u2019exploitation. Ce changement de strat\u00e9gie a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la maturit\u00e9 des technologies de t\u00e9l\u00e9-op\u00e9ration et au d\u00e9veloppement de filiales industrielles de gestion des d\u00e9chets.<\/p>\n<h2>Peu de d\u00e9chets radioactifs<\/h2>\n<p>On estime que le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement de la centrale de Fessenheim g\u00e9n\u00e9rera environ 380&nbsp;000 tonnes de d\u00e9chets dont 94 % de d\u00e9chets conventionnels et aucun d\u00e9chets de haute activit\u00e9 (HA).&nbsp; Les d\u00e9chets conventionnels seront valoris\u00e9s&nbsp;: le b\u00e9ton pourra \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour le remblai (les b\u00e2timents sont d\u00e9truits jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une profondeur d\u2019un m\u00e8tre dans le sol) et l\u2019acier, recycl\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u2019exp\u00e9rience de Chooz-A<\/h2>\n<p>A quelques kilom\u00e8tres de la Belgique, Chooz-A est le premier r\u00e9acteur \u00e0 eau pressuris\u00e9e de l\u2019Hexagone. C\u2019est \u00e9galement le premier chantier de d\u00e9construction de cette technologie en France. Arr\u00eat\u00e9 en 1991, le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement partiel est engag\u00e9 en 1999 et se termine en 2004. Son d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement complet d\u00e9bute apr\u00e8s la signature du d\u00e9cret de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement en 2007 et offre donc un retour d\u2019exp\u00e9rience (REX) valorisable pour le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement de Fessenheim. La fin du d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement de Chooz-A est pr\u00e9vu pour 2022, \u00e0 noter que le caract\u00e8re \u00ab&nbsp;troglodyte&nbsp;\u00bb de l\u2019installation a complexifi\u00e9 le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement&nbsp;: en effet le r\u00e9acteur et ses auxiliaires (pompes, \u00e9changeurs et circuits de refroidissement) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits dans deux cavernes rocheuses.<\/p>\n<p>De plus EDF peut s\u2019appuyer sur le REX des travaux de maintenance du parc dont le remplacement ou la r\u00e9novation de gros composants comme les g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs de vapeurs, condenseurs etc. dans le cadre du grand car\u00e9nage mais aussi sur les exp\u00e9riences d\u2019exploitants \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[1] Elle comprend \u00e9galement la construction.<\/p>\n<p>[2] B\u00e2timent r\u00e9acteur (BR), b\u00e2timent combustible (BK), b\u00e2timent des auxiliaires nucl\u00e9aires (BAN) et b\u00e2timents annexes.<\/p>\n<p>[3] Salle des machines, b\u00e2timents d\u2019entretiens, station de pompage, alimentation en eau de secours etc.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/>\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n"}],"rgn_subscriber_push_link_url":"","rgn_subscriber_push_link_title":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - 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